Four renowned doctors share their insights on the importance of meeting your nutrient quota.
Micronutrients – The Ultimate Immune Boosters
Dr Ritu Hinduja, MD, MRM (UK), DRM (Germany), FICOG Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine (India, Spain, Israel ); Certificate In Genetic Counselling; Clinical Director and Senior Consultant Fertility Specialist, Nova IVF Mumbai; Member of Managing Committee Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction; Member of Managing Committee Maharashtra Chapter of Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction.
Micronutrients (i.e. vitamins and essential minerals) influence and support every stage of the immune response. Deficiencies of micronutrients can affect both innate and adaptive immunity, causing immunosuppression and thus increasing the susceptibility to infections. Adequate levels of micronutrients are essential to ensure effective maintenance, and expression of the immune function.
The pandemic has underscored the importance of micronutrient supplementation in supporting immune health, as people look for ways to strengthen their body’s defences. Vitamin A is important in regulating the number and function of natural killer cells, as well as antimicrobial action of macrophages. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that influences several aspects of the immune system, particularly barrier integrity and leukocyte function. A correct intake of zinc is essential to limit the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of the immune system depends on the concentration of vitamin D. Selenium increases cell-mediated immunity and immune response to viruses.
Many people of all ages have single or multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Supplementation of micronutrients plays an important role in enhancing the resistance to infections by restoring immune function. Micronutrients are the ultimate immune boosters as they not only prevent infections but also help decrease symptoms and facilitate recovery.
Role Of Micronutrients For Senile Problems
Dr Jayashree Gopal, MBBS and American Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes; Director, DiabEndoIndia and Founder-Trustee of the DiabEndoIndia Foundation; Senior Consultant at Apollo Hospital, Chennai; VicePresident of the Endocrine Society of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Dr Jayashree Gopal has received honours like the Vocational Excellence Award and Dr Sam GP Moses Oration.
Over 60% of individuals above 65 are likely to experience multiple diseases simultaneously. Elderly people often face an inadequate nutrient supply due to physiological, metabolic, and age-related factors that impact nutrient and fluid intake.
Geroprotective substances protect against age-related changes by supporting cellular repair, reducing oxidative stress, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and enhancing natural defense mechanisms. Micronutrient geroprotectors target specific deficiencies that arise with age, promoting longevity and healthy aging. B vitamins such as folate, B6, and B12 help lower homocysteine levels — a cardiovascular risk factor — and improve cognitive functions like memory. Vitamins D and K are essential for delaying bone loss and preventing osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
Vitamins A, D, and E, along with curcumin and omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), impact multiple hallmarks of aging, showcasing their potential as geroprotectors. Ginseng provides antioxidant benefits by enhancing cellular stress response, while glucosamine boosts bone mineral density, mitigating age-related bone loss.
For those struggling to maintain a balanced diet, supervised supplementation can ensure consistent nutrient intake. Micronutrients play a pivotal role in addressing age-related health challenges, supporting a longer, healthier, and more vibrant life.
Probiotics For Gut Health
Dr Vinod Gajanan Shah, MD (Medicine) & Gastroenterologist is from Pune; Chairman, Janaseva Foundation; Hon Physician and former teacher in Medicine DNB – Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune; Former Hon Prof Medicine – Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College/ BJ Medical College; Post graduate teacher MD (Medicine), BJ Medical College, Sassoon Hospital, Pune; Examiner of Medicine for BHMS & MBBS Examinations.
Probiotics, often called “good bacteria,” are live microorganisms that promote gut health and overall well-being. Our gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play vital roles in digestion, immunity, and even mental health. Maintaining a balanced and diverse gut microbiota is essential, but factors like poor diet, stress, antibiotics, and illness can disrupt this balance, leading to gut dysbiosis and related health problems.
Probiotics help restore gut balance by improving digestion, enhancing immunity, reducing inflammation, and combating harmful bacteria. They aid in breaking down complex carbohydrates and fibers, facilitating better nutrient absorption. With about 70% of the immune system housed in the gut, probiotics bolster the gut barrier and immune cells, lowering susceptibility to infections. Additionally, they compete with harmful bacteria for resources, preventing infections and overgrowth.
Studies highlight probiotics’ effectiveness in managing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diarrhea. They also modulate immune responses, reducing gut inflammation. Incorporating probiotic-rich foods or supplements into your diet can nurture your gut microbiota, supporting better digestion, immunity, and overall health. A healthy gut truly lays the foundation for a healthier life!
Phytonutrients In Diabetes Management
Prof Dr Mala Dharmalingam, MD, F Diab, DM (AIIMS), FAMS, FACE (US); Director & HOD, Dept of Endocrinology, Bangalore Endocrinology & Diabetes Research Centre; Ex Sr Professor & HOD, MS Ramaiah Medical College & Hospital.
Diabetes, a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin production or improper insulin use, is primarily categorized into Type 1 (no insulin production) and Type 2 (insulin resistance or inefficiency). Effective diabetes management requires a comprehensive approach that includes medication, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Phytonutrients — natural compounds in plants — are gaining attention for their role in supporting diabetic health. These nutrients help regulate blood sugar, reduce inflammation, and enhance metabolic function. Incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and plantbased foods allows individuals with diabetes to harness the benefits of phytonutrients, complementing their medical treatments.
Specific vitamins and minerals are also crucial in managing diabetes. Magnesium improves insulin sensitivity and regulates blood sugar, while low levels are linked to higher Type 2 diabetes risk. Vitamin C, an antioxidant, protects against oxidative stress and supports immunity. The B complex (B6, B12, and folate) promotes nerve health, reducing neuropathy risk, and biotin enhances insulin function. Selenium and copper bolster antioxidant defenses, preventing cell damage from high blood sugar. Folic acid supports cardiovascular health by aiding in cell repair.
By prioritising a nutrient-rich diet rich in these elements, individuals with diabetes can improve glucose metabolism, reduce complications, and enhance their overall well-being.
